The Personal Finance Notebook

Straightforward frameworks for everyday money choices, from cash flow to big life goals.

What To Do With Your Old 401(k) Before Year-End: Smart Moves for Retirees and Job Changers
Retirement Aaron Randak Retirement Aaron Randak

What To Do With Your Old 401(k) Before Year-End: Smart Moves for Retirees and Job Changers

  • Many retirees and job changers leave old 401(k)s behind, which can lead to higher fees, limited investment options, and lost control.

  • Year-end is the perfect time to review and consolidate accounts for better organization and tax efficiency.

  • Rolling your old 401(k) into an IRA offers broader investment choices, clearer fees, and easier integration with your retirement income plan.

  • Direct rollovers prevent unnecessary taxes or penalties and help keep your money growing tax-deferred.

  • A well-planned IRA rollover can simplify retirement management and create more flexibility for future Roth conversions or withdrawals.

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The 2025 Elon Musk Pay Package: What Equity-Comp Professionals Can Learn
Equity Compensation Aaron Randak Equity Compensation Aaron Randak

The 2025 Elon Musk Pay Package: What Equity-Comp Professionals Can Learn

• Shareholders vote November 6 on Tesla’s new CEO pay package and why the debate matters for anyone paid in stock
• What “pay for performance” really looks like and how vesting hurdles translate to your RSUs, ISOs, and ESPP
• Governance lessons from the court fight and why process and disclosure shape real value
• Practical takeaways to cut concentration risk and plan taxes before a vest or exercise
• A 30-day equity checkup you can actually finish: inventory grants, calendar key dates, model “what-ifs,” write a one-page policy

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5 Things Individual Investors Should Do Before Year-End
Aaron Randak Aaron Randak

5 Things Individual Investors Should Do Before Year-End

  • The one portfolio tweak I make every Q4

  • A simple tax move most investors overlook until it’s too late

  • The account to top off now so January feels easier

  • A quiet checklist that prevents costly year-end surprises

  • How I set next year’s “rules” in 10 minutes flat

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What’s Driving the S&P 500 to Record Highs?
Stock Market Aaron Randak Stock Market Aaron Randak

What’s Driving the S&P 500 to Record Highs?

  • The S&P 500 is reaching record highs on the back of stronger earnings, Fed rate cuts, and ongoing AI momentum.

  • Corporate buybacks and new leadership from health care stocks are adding fuel beyond just big tech.

  • For investors, new highs are a reminder to revisit allocations, rebalance, and stay disciplined with long-term plans.

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Government Shutdown: A Bird’s Eye View
Government Aaron Randak Government Aaron Randak

Government Shutdown: A Bird’s Eye View

  • Government shutdown explained: what closes, what stays open, and how a continuing resolution could avert it—plain-English answers and next steps.

  • What a U.S. government shutdown means for services, paychecks, travel, and benefits—timelines, FAQs, and practical tips in simple terms.

  • Shutdown watch: deadlines, continuing resolution basics, and how federal services may be affected. Clear, nonpartisan overview.

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